{"id":9314,"date":"2023-02-17T12:09:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T17:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/?page_id=9314"},"modified":"2024-04-26T12:57:26","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T16:57:26","slug":"phase2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/programs\/survey\/archaeology\/phase2\/","title":{"rendered":"Phase II (evaluation) archaeological survey"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_section][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]After <a href=\"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/programs\/survey\/archaeology\/phase1\/\">Phase I archaeological survey<\/a> identifies an archaeological site, Phase II evaluates the site\u2019s eligibility for inclusion on the <a href=\"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/programs\/registration\/\">New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places<\/a>. If a project will adversely affect an eligible site (a <dfn>historic property<\/dfn>), the site will require further analysis. This includes development of ways to avoid and\/or minimize impacts through project redesign.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1713275938211{margin-bottom: 32px !important;}&#8221;][info-box-shortcode icon=&#8221;fas fa-globe&#8221; title=&#8221;Publications of the National Register of Historic Places (NPS)&#8221; buttonlink=&#8221;https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/subjects\/nationalregister\/publications.htm&#8221;]Download the National Register of Historic Places Bulletins referenced on this page and other guidance publications.[\/info-box-shortcode][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>National Register Criteria for Evaluation<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]NPS describes all applicable criteria for eligibility in a National Register Bulletin, <cite>How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation<\/cite> (formerly NRB 15). Others may also apply, but <dfn>Criterion D<\/dfn>, or <dfn>information potential<\/dfn>, is the most frequently used criterion for archaeological sites.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Criterion D requirements<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Criterion D evaluation requires assessing the significance and integrity of the archaeological property&#8217;s data set(s) to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Answer research questions<\/li>\n<li>Place the resource(s) within the appropriate <a href=\"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/programs\/registration\/contexts\/\">historic context<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Evaluate potential to yield <dfn>important information<\/dfn> in history and\/or prehistory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Archaeological integrity under Criterion D evaluates<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Location<\/li>\n<li>Design<\/li>\n<li>Materials<\/li>\n<li>Association<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Important research questions<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Cultural and natural alterations reshape an archaeological site into a different form than it existed in the past. Researchers address this change by identifying <dfn>important research questions<\/dfn>. Tailored to the site type and setting, these assess the site&#8217;s potential to yield specific data. Researchers identify these questions within any of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Historic context document<\/li>\n<li>Statewide comprehensive preservation plan<\/li>\n<li>Project research design meeting the <cite>Secretary of the Interior\u2019s Standards for Archeological Documentation.<\/cite><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Steps for Criterion D listing<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]A Criterion D assessment\u2019s research design includes the following steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Identify the property\u2019s data set(s) or categories of the following types of information:\n<ul>\n<li>Archaeological<\/li>\n<li>Historical<\/li>\n<li>Ecological<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Identify the historic context(s) \u2014 that is, the appropriate historical and archaeological framework in which to evaluate the property.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the important research question(s) that the property\u2019s data sets can be expected to address.<\/li>\n<li>Taking archaeological integrity into consideration, evaluate the data sets in terms of their potential and known ability to answer research questions.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the important information that an archaeological study of the property has yielded or is likely to yield.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Phase II methodology<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Purpose<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Determine the historical and cultural significance of archaeological materials and deposits identified during the Phase I archaeological survey.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Components<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Phase II builds upon Phase I results to achieve the following goals for each site:[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Evaluation<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Recover a sufficient sample of information about the archaeological site to support a National Register eligibility assessment.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Research questions<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Develop appropriate research questions for recovering important information, specific to the<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Site type<\/li>\n<li>Data sets<\/li>\n<li>Features<\/li>\n<li>Context<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Test units<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Systematic excavation of test units collecting data on<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Site integrity<\/li>\n<li>Cultural composition<\/li>\n<li>Feature classes<\/li>\n<li>Site stratigraphy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Site boundaries<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Refine and confirm the horizontal and vertical site boundary based on the extent of associated<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Artifacts<\/li>\n<li>Features<\/li>\n<li>Topographic landforms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Site features<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Identify and classify features, if present.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Distribution<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Analyze horizontal and vertical intra-site artifact and feature distribution.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Dating<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Date the site, context and feature(s) through comprehensive analysis.<\/p>\n<p>This can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diagnostic artifacts<\/li>\n<li>Artifact assemblage(s)<\/li>\n<li>Geomorphology<\/li>\n<li>Relative dating techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Site condition and potential<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Determine the site\u2019s preservation, integrity and research potential.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Specialized collection<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Consider resource-specific specialized collection and analysis, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Radiocarbon samples<\/li>\n<li>Botanical resources<\/li>\n<li>Pollen resources<\/li>\n<li>Faunal resources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Specialized testing<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Consider specialized testing methodology, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Geomorphology in riverine settings<\/li>\n<li>Geophysical remote sensing<\/li>\n<li>Metal detecting for military engagements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Technical report<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Present the Phase II survey effort&#8217;s results in a clearly written technical report. Include National Register recommendations with the rationale and supporting documentation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Logs and catalogs<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Report appended soil testing logs and artifact catalogs.\u00a0Tabulate all artifacts by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Type<\/li>\n<li>Provenience unit<\/li>\n<li>Stratum (or arbitrary level)<\/li>\n<li>Feature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Categorize them in a manner that allows for comparisons with other sites or artifact collections.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Mitigation recommendations<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Prepare recommendations if the project will affect identified historic properties. As needed, provide any of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Avoidance<\/li>\n<li>Minimization<\/li>\n<li>Phase III archaeological mitigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>What to consider<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Cultural considerations<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regionally appropriate subsistence and settlement models\/historic context.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural\/ecological adaptation strategies.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural sequence and chronology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Environmental considerations<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental reconstruction and environmental evolution of a site over time.<\/li>\n<li>Environmental variables and qualities influencing the site&#8217;s \u2026\n<ul>\n<li>Location<\/li>\n<li>Size<\/li>\n<li>Complexity<\/li>\n<li>Function to the site landform<\/li>\n<li>Relationship to other known sites within that drainage\/landform\/region.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Artifact data<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Detailed physical and chronological data on artifacts.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Site analysis<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Functional site analysis with discrete stratum and feature discussion. Support this with<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Graphics<\/li>\n<li>Tables<\/li>\n<li>Appendixes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_row_inner el_class=&#8221;hpo-callout-box-gold&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Plow zones and integrity<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]One common assumption is that plow zone deposits lack integrity due to disturbance. Contemporary mid-Atlantic archaeological research asserts the opposite. The plow zone&#8217;s spatial distribution and artifact assemblage composition reveals:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preferred refuse deposition locations<\/li>\n<li>Work areas<\/li>\n<li>Domestic occupation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Despite plowing, we can still learn about historic and precontact sites&#8217; formation and evolution. Plowing may have displaced some artifacts without compromising the site&#8217;s most valuable data. If the plow zone still has discernable activity areas or important information, then the site still has integrity. The <a href=\"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/programs\/registration\/\">National Register<\/a> program within the National Park Service (NPS) says the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>98% of all archaeological sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places exist within a plow zone context (NPS archaeologist Erika K. Martin Seibert, New Jersey Historic Preservation Conference, 5\/29\/2012).<\/li>\n<li>The National Register Bulletin <cite>Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Archaeological Properties<\/cite> (formerly NRB 36), states plowed sites possess archaeological integrity as related to integrity of location or design.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section el_id=&#8221;Navigation&#8221;][vc_row el_class=&#8221;step-navigation&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Other phases<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Go back to Phase I: Identification&#8221; style=&#8221;3d&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-arrow-left&#8221; button_block=&#8221;true&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fdeptest.nj.gov%2Fhpo%2Fprograms%2Fsurvey%2Farchaeology%2Fphase1%2F&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Move on to Phase III: Data Recovery&#8221; style=&#8221;3d&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_align=&#8221;right&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-arrow-right&#8221; button_block=&#8221;true&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fdeptest.nj.gov%2Fhpo%2Fprograms%2Fsurvey%2Farchaeology%2Fphase3%2F&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_section][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Introduction [\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]After Phase I archaeological survey identifies an archaeological site, Phase II evaluates the site\u2019s eligibility for inclusion on the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places. If a project will adversely affect an eligible site (a historic property), the site will require further analysis. This includes development of ways to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":243,"featured_media":0,"parent":5662,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"fullwidth-title.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9314","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/243"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9314"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9314\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/hpo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}