[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][breadcrumb-shortcode][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1728779585339{border-bottom-width: 4px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #5b9bd5 !important;}”]<\/p>\n
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[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=””]Mihaela D. Enache<\/b>, Ph.D., Project Manager & Co-PI, Research Scientist I, Division of Science and Research, NJDEP <\/span>(mihaela.enache@deptest.nj.gov<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n Ling Ren<\/b>, Ph.D., PI, Research Assistant Professor, College of Science, George Mason University <\/span>(<\/span>lren2@gmu.edu<\/span><\/a>)<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”3\/4″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1732301336249{border-bottom-width: 4px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #5b9bd5 !important;}”]<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”3125,3126″ css=””][vc_video link=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/9Qenafi76Ms” css=””][vc_video link=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/YLrj00AS4Bc” css=””][vc_video link=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/XfwJtlVpvE4″ css=””][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n Cells large, about 30-50 \u03bcm in length, 20-40 \u03bcm in width, and 20-30 \u03bcm thick. Cells ovoid in shape, slightly dorso- ventrally compressed. Epicone rounded or truncated, hypocone bilobed, cingulum excavated, narrow and displaced 1\/2-1\/3 of the body length, chloroplasts yellow-green to yellow-brown and appear radiating, nucleus spherical and located in the epicone.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n Toxins and toxicity<\/strong><\/p>\n The species is not a toxin producer. However, its blooms were related to fish and shrimp kills (Steidinger 2018). The species is also noted as a causative organism of paralytic shellfish poisoning (Hallegraeff et al., 2010)<\/span><\/p>\n Distribution and Occurrence<\/strong><\/p>\n Europe (Baltic, France, Portugal), North America (Maryland, Texas), Asia (China, Taiwan). In this study, <\/span>L. fissa <\/span><\/i>blooms were observed in several SMPs, including REF-1. PGD-1, PGD-2, and OMWM-2 in the months from June to August.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n References Steidinger, K.A. 2018. Chapter III. Toxic and potentially harmful dinoflagellates in the Gulf of Mexico. In Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. [Eds.] Guide to the Identification of Harmful Microalgae in the Gulf of Mexico, Volume I: Taxonomy. St. Petersburg, FL, p. 211342. <\/span>http:\/\/myfwc.com\/research\/redtide\/research\/scientific-products\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Hallegraeff, G.M., C.J.S. Bolch, J.M. Huisman, and M.F. de Salas. 2010. Planktonic dinoflagellates, Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters 145\u2013212.<\/span><\/p>\n Campbell P.H. 1973. Studies on brackish water phytoplankton. Sea Grant publication UNC-SG-73-07. 406pp.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][breadcrumb-shortcode][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1728779585339{border-bottom-width: 4px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #5b9bd5 !important;}”] Detected Species [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/4″ el_class=”sticky-top”][vc_column_text css=””] HAB Species Diatoms Cylindrotheca closterium Pseudo-nitzschia Dinoflagellates Prorocentrum lima Amphidinium carterae Gymnodinium aureolum (Karlodinium sp) Levanderina fissa (syn. Gymnodinium uncatenum) Kryptoperidinium foliaceum Cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii Lyngbya aestuarii Geitlerinema splendidum Raphidophytes Chattonella subsalsa Haptophytes Prymnesium parvum Non-toxic Species Diatoms Haslea ostrearia Dinoflagellates […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":0,"parent":2683,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3087","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/147"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3087"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3087\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/deptest.nj.gov\/dsr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Levanderina fissa<\/i><\/h4>\n
Syn. Gyrodinium uncatenum<\/i><\/h4>\n
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